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.ההכ ספ ובנז הצקבו ספסופמ ובנז ,ההכ עפומ דעו ריהב עפוממ ,דואמ ןווגמ ועבצ :ףרוח בקע .ריהב םתכ ףנכה תיתחתבו םירוחש ףנכה תוצק .תוצונה תרוצו םהינווג ,םלדוגב םילדבנ םינימה .םיצעב הוולמ דימת לבא ןווגמ ולודיג תיב .ץופנ ףרוח רקבמו רתויב יוצמ חרוא רבוע ץראב .ץראב םיננקמ B. b. buteo. ו B. b. vulpinus. םינימה תת ינש ופצנ1997 מ תונורחאה םינשה רשעב
Subspecies and Distribution.
| B. b. buteo Europe to Finnland, Rumania and Turkey also Madeira. Winters S of range and sometimes to Liberia. B. b. vulpinus N Scandinavia and Eur' Russia to Riv' Yenisey, Caucasus and C Asia. Winters S of Sahara and S Asia. B. b. arrigonii Corsica and Sardinia B. b. rothschildi Azores. B. b. insularum Canary Is B. b. menetriesi Caucasus to E Turkey and Iran. B. b. bannermani Cape Verde. B. b. refectus W China and Himalayas. B. b. touoshimai Izu and Bonin Is B. b. oshiroi Daito to Ryukyu. B. b. japonicus L Baical and Mongolia and Manchuria to Japan to Tibet and India. Winters S Asia from India to Japan
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Descriptive notes.50-56 cm, 525-1370 g wingspan 115-128 cm.Extremely variable. Generally dark brown above and on most of underbody and underwing coverts, from below , wingtip and trailing edge of wing dark, flight-feathers barred, pale area in outer primaries. Extensive geographical variation, partly clinal and confounded by individual variation. Races separated on size coloration and plumage pattern. Race vulpinus normally smaller, often with rusty underbody underwing coverts and upperside of tail, generally sepatable from B. rufinus on darker head and faintly barred tail, race menestriesi rather similar to vulpinus, but larger. Habitat.Variable, but always with some degree of tree cover.Prefers edges of woods and areas where cultivation, meadows, pastures or moors alternate with coniferous or deciduous woods, or least clumps of trees. In winter open fields, steppe or wetlands. Mainly flat terrain or gentle slopes at low or moderate altitudes. Food and FeedingAdaptable, diet according to local and seasonal availability. Essentially a hunter of small mammals, particularly rodents, with voles main prey over much of range, also mice, rats hamsters shrews, young rabbits and hares.Sometimes dominant prey by number are invertebrates, crickets, locusts and earthworms. Reptiles locally important, including lizards, slow-worms and snakes. Birds can be important when mammals scarce. Hunts in clearings and open areas near edges or woods, almost always captures prey on ground. Spends long periods perched scanning or loafing, also spots prey from gliding or soaring flight. Walks on ground when hunting invertebrates. Breeding.mar-May. Nests in large trees, fairly close to edge of wood.Nest is bulky platform of sticks and twigs, lined with greenery.Built in fork or on branch near trunk. 2-4 eggs, incubation 35-38 days by female, but most prey caught by male. Chicks have white or brownish grey first and second down. Sexual maturity 3 years old. Movements.Migratory in most former USSR and in Scandinavia. partially migratory in C Europe.Sedentary in Britain, S Europe,Turkey, Caucasus, Japan and in island populations. Winters in Africa, Israel and Arabia. Race B. b. vulpinus returns by Suez in spring, 465,827 birds recorded at Elat (Israel) in spring 1986. Length of migrants' absence from breeding grounds increases with latitude. Status and Conservation.Not globally threatened. Probably second mommonest raptor species in Europe.Israel.In Israel the subspecies B. b. buteo. and B. b. vulpinus. Fairly common autumn and abundant spring passage migrant and quite common winter visitor.In the last ten years, (from 1997) the two subspecies are nesting in the north of the country
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