| .היוצמ הניאמ (530 | ||||||||||
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רוקמה ,ההכ רופא-רוחש ושאר ,רופא םוח ועבצ ,לודג ריזרז לדוגכ ולדוג :היוצמ הניאמ | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
Acridotheres t. tristis Turkmenya and southern Kazakhstan. S and E to S-E Iran, Pakistan, and India. Acridotheres t. tristoidis Nepal and Burma. Acridotheres t. melanosternus Sri Lanka grading into tristis (Southern India). Introduced to Caucasus, Arabia Eastern and Southern Africa S-E Asia, Australia and in Is, in Indian and Pacific Ocean. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.23-24 cm; 130 g;. wingspan 33-36 cm.Forehead, crown, nape and cheeks glossy black; bristly feathers on forehead, elongate and pointed feathers on nape and crown. Chin, throat and breast duller and greyer. Mantle and rump warm brown, flanks similar but with a vinous tinge. Pale buff in centre of belly, lower belly and undertail coverts white. Wings brownish black, with white primary coverts and white bases to the primary feathers. Tail brownish black with white tips to the feathers, broadest on the outermost feathers. Bill yellow, greenish at the base; legs yellow; eyes brown or reddish-brown mottled with white; triangular patch of bare yellow skin behind the eyes, and yellow ring around the eyes.Sexes alike.HabitatGenerally in small groups, sometimes in pairs or solitary, but may form large aggregations at feeding sites, and gather in the evenings at communal roosts which may contain thousands of birds. Raucous, confident birds, often unconcerned at proximity of people or traffic. Highly territorial at breeding sites, and isolated buildings such as farmhouses will only support a single pr. Restricted to urban areas and human habitation; on farms, only in the immediately vicinity of houses and buildings.Food and FeedingOmnivores and scavenger.Diet is wide composition varying with location, habitat, and availability of food sources. Animal food including worms, snails, insects, crustaceans, ticks, spiders, millipedes, vertebrates, carrion, snakes, birds and rats. Feed predominantly on the ground, walking rapidly, and often probing the soil. Also hawk flying insects, perch on wild game and domestic stock to remove ectoparasites , take fruit and nectar in trees, and collect food scraps discarded by people. Plant foods range from figs, dates, pears, grapes, guavas, maize, wheat and rice to nectar from flowers.Breeding.Recorded in all months; mainly Sept-Jan, in S AfricaNest: untidy mass of natural and man-made material such as twigs, leaves, roots, straw, feathers, fur, paper, etc.Built by both sexes. Usually in holes, and may oust Green Wood-Hoopoe or other species from tree-holes (Birkhead 1988); most often in buildings or other man-made structures, also free-standing in densely-branched trees. 3-6 eggs. Long ovals, plain blue to greenish-blue. Incubation 13-18 days, starts before clutch complete, incubation during day is irregular, by both sexes Movements.Said apparently to be sedentary in native range in W Asia, and sedentary resident in South Africa.Status and ConservationNot globally threatened.Israel.In Israel subspecies Acridotheres tristis Basically middle the country near Tel Aviv but move on to other parts. |
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