| .םיעלס תילילכח (387 | ||||||||||
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לש םינוילעה ופוג יקלח ףרוחב ,הזחה-םודאל המוד תיללכה התרוצב :םיעלס תילילכח | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
P. o. gibraltariensis W and C Europe E to Latvia and Crimea, S to N Spain, Sicily, and Greece, Also N-W Africa. P. o. aterrimus Portugal and S and C Spain. P. o. semirufus Levant. P. o. ochruros Turkey, Caucasus, Transcucasia, and N Iran. P. o. phoenicuroides Tien Shan through mountains of N-C Asia to Mongolia. P. o. rufiventris Transcaspia and N-E Iran E through Himalayas N to Turkestankia and Kun Lun Shan, E Tsinghai. P. o. xerophilus Astin Tagh to Tsinghai (China). | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.14-15.5 cm 14-18 g, wingspan 23-26 cm. Marginally larger than Common Redstart with longer wings and longer tail, smaller than Guldenstadt's Redstart. Dominant color in all plumages dusky-black in male, dusky grey-brown in female and immature.Race of Europe and nort-west Africa, in spring: head, back, wing-coverts, and underparts to rare flanks and thighs dusky slate, blackest on head, mantle, and chest. Wings brown-black with dull but distinct ochre-grey to off-panel formed by basal fringes to tertials and inner secondaries. Rump and tail bright chestnut, with central tail feathers and tips of outer dark brown. From August, fresh plumage copiously marked with pale feather-tips. Tips olive-brown on upperparts, grey on sides of head and throat, and ochre or white on underparts. Sexes dissimilar, seasonal variation in male. HabitatBreeds in west Palearctid in middle latitudes, oceanic as well as continental, mainly in sunny warm or mild temperate, Mediterranean, and steppe or montane climates, avoiding persistently wet or humid situations and dense vegetation of any height.Favours rocky, stony, boulder-strewn broken or craggy terrain, including cliffs, right up to snowline. Food and FeedingSmall or medium-sized invertebrates and fruit. Feeds on ground, hopping or running, by flying from perch on to ground prey, and by taking aerial prey in short flight, also takes items from walls, foliage, etc, by hovering nearby.Breeding.May-Jun in Western Europe, including England. Eastern Europe up to 2 weeks later.Nest site on ledge in cave or building, or in hole or crevice in rock or wall. Nest loose cup of grass leaves and stems, moss, and other plant material, lined with wool, hair, and feathers. 4-5 eggs, sub-elliptical, smooth and glossy, white, rarely tinged blue or with faint brownish spotting. Incubation 13-17 days by female only. Movements.Resident, partial migrant, or migrant in different parts of range, main wintering area for west Palearctic breeders being Mediterranean basin, with a few on west coast of Europe and some southward extension to N-W and especially N-E Africa, and E through Middle East and Arabia to India and Burma.Populations breeding Balkans, Italy, and Spain thought to be sedentary. Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Increased in N-W Europe, including Scandinavia.Israel.In Israel four subspecies P. o. gibraltaiensis a very common migrant and winter visitor.P. o. semirufus very rare on migration and in winter but a breeder summer visitor on Hermon. P. o. phoenicuroides a very rare migrant and winter visitor mainly at Eilat. P. o. ochruros very rare migrant. |
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