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.תובוהצו תולודג ויניעו קזחו ךורא ורוקמ ,לוגעו לודג ושאר :ןוורכ .יטיאו רשי ופועמו הריהמ ותציר .תועבצא שולש לגר לכב תובוהצו תוהבג וילגר .הלילב רקיעב תשחרתמ ותוליעפו קהלתמ .ויפנכב םינבל םיספ ינש םילגתמ ופועמ ןמזב .הצחמל םיירבדמ םירוזאו תוברע ,םייעלס םיפונ ולודיג תיב .םינטק םימסרכמו םירופיצ ,םילחוז ,תונוזלח ,םיקרח ונוזמ .ץראה יקלח בורב יוצמו ביצי ץראב | ||||||||||
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Subspecies and Distribution.
B. o. distinchus W Canary Is. B. o.insularum E Canary Is. B. o. saharae N Africa, Mediterranean islands, Greece and Turkey to Middle East, to Iraq and Iran. B. o. oedicnemus Britain and Iberia to Balkans and Ukraine and Caucasus. B. o. harterti Volga area through Turkestan to Zaysan basin, and through Iran to Pakistan and NW India. B. o. indicus India and Sri Lanka to Indochina. Winters in E Africa and Arabia. | ||||||||||
Descriptive notes.40-45 cm, 340-535 g. Sandy brown with white belly and vent, upperparts streaked darker. Head finely streaked dark, with whiter lores, line above eye and broad band from upper mandible beneath eye to rear cheek, dark malar stripe, white chin and throat, breast heavily streaked blackish. Upperwing coverts marked by parallel bands of dark brown and white, with black lower border, inner primaries have square white patch at base and fine white tips.Bill yellow with black tip, eyes yellow, legs pale yellow buff. Juvenile very similar to adult but with bright rufous buff tips to scapulars and inner wing length. Habitat.Semi arid, aris and steppe grassland, heath arable fields with bare, stony patches, coastal dunes and shingle, also semi desert.Requires open, level ground with sparse vegetation cover, where running is easy, not normally vear water. Food and FeedingTerrestrial invertebrates and small vertebrates. Insects and their larvae, especially beetles,grasshoppers, crickets, ants, earwigs, caterpillars and flies. Also carthworms, slugs, snails. small rodents and reptiles, occasionally some seeds.Mainly nocturnal and exclusively terrestrial feeder. Walks slowly along in search or prey, taking beetles, grasshoppers, small lizards and similar prey with bill, uses sudden, short run to capture prey, or a swift lunge, or simply picks less active prey from the ground with deft movement. Forages singly, in pairs or small groups. Breeding.Breeds in spring in most of range, Mar-Jun in N Africa, Fen-Jun in Cnary Is. Apr in Britain, May in Sineria in India mainly Mar-Apr.Monogamous. Solitary, although pairs often nest within visual contact on restricted areas of habitat. Nestis scrape in ground, lined with a little grass or unlined, but often with a ring of stones or shells and pieces or vegetation around rim. 2 eggs, incubation 24-26 days. Downy chick pale with dark markings. Breed at 3 years old. Movements.N European and C Asian populations migrate in autumn to S Europe, Meddle East and Africa. Populations of Iberia, N Africa, India and SE Asia resident. Canary Is birds remain within the island group, but sometimes move from island to island.Status and ConservationNot globally threatened. Widespread but restricted to small areas of suitable habitat, often widely separated.Israel.In Israel two subspecies B. o. saharae and B. o. oedicnemus . Common breeder, quite common winter visitor and scarce passage migrant. |
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